Hb Caribbean	beta91(F7)Leu->Arg

CONTACT		Heme contact
HEMATOLOGY		Mild anemia in the heterozygote
ELECTROPHORESIS		Hb X and Hb A separate at alkaline pH; Hb X migrates slightly faster than Hb S
CHROMATOGRAPHY		Hb X was isolated on a DEAE-Sephadex column; Hb X separates from Hb A and Hb A2 on a cation exchange HPLC column; the betaX and betaA chains separate by reversed phase HPLC (elution order: betaX, betaA, alpha)
STRUCTURE STUDIES		Tryptic digestion; separation of peptides by reversed phase HPLC or by fingerprinting; amino acid analysis
DNA ANALYSES		A CTG->CGG mutation at codon 91 (Ref. 3)
FUNCTION STUDIES		Decreased oxygen affinity; normal Bohr effect
STABILITY		Mildly unstable
OCCURRENCE		Found in a few families living in Jamaica and Canada
OTHER INFORMATION		Quantity in the heterozygote 39-44%; found in association with Hb S; the S-Caribbean compound heterozygosity is not associated with serious clinical manifestations

REFERENCES
1.		Ahern, E., Ahern, V., Hilton, T., Serjeant, G.R., Serjeant, B.E., Seakins, M., Lang, A., Middleton, A., and Lehmann, H.; FEBS Lett., 69:99, 1976.
2.		Ali, M.A.M., Pinkerton, P., Chow, S.W.S., Zaetz, S.D., Wilson, J.B., Webber, B.B., Hu, H., Kutlar, A., Kutlar, F., and Huisman, T.H.J.: Hemoglobin, 12:137, 1988.
3.		Waye, J.S., Patterson, M., Eng, B., Chui, D.H.K., Sher, G.D., and Olivieri, N.F.: Am. J. Hematol., 47:33, 1994.

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This material is from the book A Syllabus of Human Hemoglobin Variants (1996) by Titus H.J. Huisman, Marianne F.H. Carver, and Georgi D. Efremov, published by The Sickle Cell Anemia Foundation in Augusta, GA, USA. Copyright © 1996 by Titus H.J. Huisman. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, microfilming and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission.